Potentially lower groundwater levels from increasing evaporation combined with groundwater withdrawals could reduce groundwater upwelling. However, some models suggest that hydrologic changes may be minimal with similar to slightly increased precipitation and higher groundwater recharge projected. In addition, sites fed by deep aquifers are expected to experience less hydrologic change. Nutrient enrichment through changing land use or groundwater pollution may be one of the greatest threats and could increase non-native invasive species. Low topographic position and cold groundwater may reduce the impact of modest increases in temperature. Many dominant species appear to tolerate or even benefit from moderate increases in temperature, though circumboreal species may be much more sensitive. Finally, highly specific hydro-geologic requirements make it nearly impossible for Boreal Rich Fens to shift within larger peatland complexes or in the larger landscape, meaning if they cannot resist or tolerate changes, they will likely be lost.