This forest ecosystem is mostly formed by small patches of three similar systems that occur on thinner circumneutral and calcareous soils over limestone or dolostone. Common species include eastern redcedar, chinkapin oak, eastern redbud, eastern hophornbeam, white oak, post oak, and shagbark hickory.
Wet bottomland forests experience prolonged, frequent flooding and have wet, poorly-drained soils. Dominant species include pin, willow and overcup oak; green ash, silver and red maple, boxelder, shellbark and water hickory, cottonwood, and black willow.
This forest system occurs on peat or mineral soils that are saturated throughout growing season. Common tree species include northern white-cedar, black spruce, tamarack, and other boreal species.
Red and white pine forests occur on sandy to dry-mesic soils, with fire return intervals between 50 and 250 years. Common tree species include red and white pine, red maple, black cherry, and bigtooth aspen.
Jack pine forests occur on coarse-textured, droughty soils with fire return intervals between 50 and 250 years. Common tree species include jack, red, and white pine, and northern red, northern pin, and black oak.
Managed Red Pine typically exists as single-species plantations that are managed as even-aged stands with rotation ages from 60 to 120 years. Red pine is typically planted on sandier, relatively nutrient-poor soils.
Managed aspen stands are found on a wide range of soil types and landforms, and they are conventionally managed as even-aged stands with rotation ages between 35 to 60 years.
